Pleurosigma \Pleu`ro*sig"ma\, n. [NL. See {Pleuro-}, and {Sigma}.] (Bot.) A genus of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides slightly curved in the form of a letter S. {Pleurosigma angulatum} has very fine striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high powers of microscopes.