資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
Mineral \Min"er*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or
of minerals; as, a mineral substance.
2. Impregnated with minerals; as, mineral waters.
{Mineral acids} (Chem.), inorganic acids, as sulphuric,
nitric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, acids, etc., as
distinguished from the {organic acids}.
{Mineral blue}, the name usually given to azurite, when
reduced to an impalpable powder for coloring purposes.
{Mineral candle}, a candle made of paraffine.
{Mineral caoutchouc}, an elastic mineral pitch, a variety of
bitumen, resembling caoutchouc in elasticity and softness.
See {Caoutchouc}, and {Elaterite}.
{Mineral chameleon} (Chem.) See {Chameleon mineral}, under
{Chameleon}.
{Mineral charcoal}. See under {Charcoal}.
{Mineral cotton}. See {Mineral wool} (below).
{Mineral green}, a green carbonate of copper; malachite.
{Mineral kingdom} (Nat. Sci.), that one of the three grand
divisions of nature which embraces all inorganic objects,
as distinguished from plants or animals.
{Mineral oil}. See {Naphtha}, and {Petroleum}.
{Mineral paint}, a pigment made chiefly of some natural
mineral substance, as red or yellow iron ocher.
{Mineral patch}. See {Bitumen}, and {Asphalt}.
{Mineral right}, the right of taking minerals from land.
{Mineral salt} (Chem.), a salt of a mineral acid.
{Mineral tallow}, a familiar name for {hatchettite}, from its
fatty or spermaceti-like appearance.
{Mineral water}. See under {Water}.
{Mineral wax}. See {Ozocerite}.
{Mineral wool}, a fibrous wool-like material, made by blowing
a powerful jet of air or steam through melted slag. It is
a poor conductor of heat.
Charcoal \Char"coal`\, n. [See {Char}, v. t., to burn or to
reduce to coal, and {Coal}.]
1. Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal
substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln,
retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for
fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical
processes.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used
as a drawing implement.
{Animal charcoal}, a fine charcoal prepared by calcining
bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent in
sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant.
{Charcoal blacks}, the black pigment, consisting of burnt
ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.
{Charcoal drawing} (Fine Arts), a drawing made with charcoal.
See {Charcoal}, 2. Until within a few years this material
has been used almost exclusively for preliminary outline,
etc., but at present many finished drawings are made with
it.
{Charcoal point}, a carbon pencil prepared for use in an
electric light apparatus.
{Mineral charcoal}, a term applied to silky fibrous layers of
charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary bituminous
coal; -- known to miners as mother of coal.