資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Judgment \Judg"ment\, n. [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL.
   judicamentum, fr. L. judicare. See {Judge}, v. i.]
   1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving
      comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the
      values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities,
      intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material
      facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the
      peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited
      confidence.

            I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the
            salte sea my wife is deed.            --Chaucer.

   2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see
      1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or
      deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man
      of judgment; a politician without judgment.

            He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy
            poor with judgment.                   --Ps. lxxii.
                                                  2.

            Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes.
            Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment
            look.                                 --Shak.

   3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a
      decision.

            She in my judgment was as fair as you. --Shak.

            Who first his judgment asked, and then a place.
                                                  --Pope.

   4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is
      conformable to law and justice; also, the determination,
      decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the
      mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all.

            In judgments between rich and poor, consider not
            what the poor man needs, but what is his own. --Jer.
                                                  Taylor.

            Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the
            judgment.                             --Shak.

   5. (Philos.)
      (a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas
          which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the
          purpose of ascertaining their agreement or
          disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold:
          (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of
          concepts giving what is technically called a judgment.
          (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments
          have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and
          identical.
      (b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent
          upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.

                A judgment is the mental act by which one thing
                is affirmed or denied of another. --Sir W.
                                                  Hamilton.

                The power by which we are enabled to perceive
                what is true or false, probable or improbable,
                is called by logicians the faculty of judgment.
                                                  --Stewart.

   6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense
      for wrong committed; a providential punishment.
      ``Judgments are prepared for scorners.'' --Prov. xix. 29.
      ``This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble.''
      --Shak.

   7. (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence.

   Note: Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are
         in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement,
         acknowledgement, and lodgement.

   Note: Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining
         combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne.

   {Judgment day} (Theol.), the last day, or period when final
      judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral
      government.

   {Judgment debt} (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a
      judge's order.

   {Judgment hall}, a hall where courts are held.

   {Judgment seat}, the seat or bench on which judges sit in
      court; hence, a court; a tribunal. ``We shall all stand
      before the judgment seat of Christ.'' --Rom. xiv. 10.

   {Judgment summons} (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor
      against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.

   {Arrest of judgment}. (Law) See under {Arrest}, n.

   {Judgment of God}, a term formerly applied to extraordinary
      trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by
      ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work
      miracles to vindicate innocence. See under {Ordeal}.

   Syn: Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate;
        criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity;
        intelligence; understanding. See {Taste}.