資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Valve \Valve\, n. [L. valva the leaf, fold, or valve of a door:
   cf. F. valve.]
   1. A door; especially, one of a pair of folding doors, or one
      of the leaves of such a door.

            Swift through the valves the visionary fair
            Repassed.                             --Pope.

            Heavily closed, . . . the valves of the barn doors.
                                                  --Longfellow.

   2. A lid, plug, or cover, applied to an aperture so that by
      its movement, as by swinging, lifting and falling,
      sliding, turning, or the like, it will open or close the
      aperture to permit or prevent passage, as of a fluid.

   Note: A valve may act automatically so as to be opened by the
         effort of a fluid to pass in one direction, and closed
         by the effort to pass in the other direction, as a
         clack valve; or it may be opened or closed by hand or
         by mechanism, as a screw valve, or a slide valve.

   3. (Anat.) One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or
      folds, which permit the passage of the contents of a
      vessel or cavity in one direction, but stop or retard the
      flow in the opposite direction; as, the ileocolic, mitral,
      and semilunar valves.

   4. (Bot.)
      (a) One of the pieces into which a capsule naturally
          separates when it bursts.
      (b) One of the two similar portions of the shell of a
          diatom.
      (c) A small portion of certain anthers, which opens like a
          trapdoor to allow the pollen to escape, as in the
          barberry.

   5. (Zo["o]l.) One of the pieces or divisions of bivalve or
      multivalve shells.

   {Air valve}, {Ball valve}, {Check valve}, etc. See under
      {Air}. {Ball}, {Check}, etc.

   {Double-beat valve}, a kind of balance valve usually
      consisting of a movable, open-ended, turban-shaped shell
      provided with two faces of nearly equal diameters, one
      above another, which rest upon two corresponding seats
      when the valve is closed.

   {Equilibrium valve}.
      (a) A balance valve. See under {Balance}.
      (b) A valve for permitting air, steam, water, etc., to
          pass into or out of a chamber so as to establish or
          maintain equal pressure within and without.

   {Valve chest} (Mach.), a chamber in which a valve works;
      especially (Steam Engine), the steam chest; -- called in
      England {valve box}, and {valve casing}. See {Steam
      chest}, under {Steam}.

   {Valve face} (Mach.), that part of the surface of a valve
      which comes in contact with the {valve seat}.

   {Valve gear}, or {Valve motion} (Steam Engine), the system of
      parts by which motion is given to the valve or valves for
      the distribution of steam in the cylinder. For an
      illustration of one form of valve gear, see {Link motion}.
      

   {Valve seat}. (Mach.)
      (a) The fixed surface on which a valve rests or against
          which it presses.
      (b) A part or piece on which such a surface is formed.

   {Valve stem} (Mach.), a rod attached to a valve, for moving
      it.

   {Valve yoke} (Mach.), a strap embracing a slide valve and
      connecting it to the valve stem.

Equilibrium \E`qui*lib"ri*um\, n.; pl. E. {Equilibriums}, L.
   {Equilibria}. [L. aequilibrium, fr. aequilibris in
   equilibrium, level; aequus equal + libra balance. See
   {Equal}, and {Librate}.]
   1. Equality of weight or force; an equipoise or a state of
      rest produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more
      forces.

   2. A level position; a just poise or balance in respect to an
      object, so that it remains firm; equipoise; as, to
      preserve the equilibrium of the body.

            Health consists in the equilibrium between those two
            powers.                               --Arbuthnot.

   3. A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with
      consequent indecision and doubt.

   {Equilibrium valve} (Steam Engine), a balanced valve. See
      under {Valve}.