資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See {Liniment}, and cf.
{Literal}.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Dead letter}, {Drop letter}, etc. See under {Dead}, {Drop},
etc.
{Letter book}, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
{Letter box}, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
{Letter carrier}, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
{Letter cutter}, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
{Letter lock}, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
{Letter paper}, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See {Paper}.
{Letter punch}, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
{Letters of administration} (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
{Letter of attorney}, {Letter of credit}, etc. See under
{Attorney}, {Credit}, etc.
{Letter of license}, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
{Letters close or clause} (Eng. Law.), letters or writs
directed to particular persons for particular purposes,
and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
{Letters of orders} (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
{Letters patent}, {overt}, or {open} (Eng. Law), a writing
executed and sealed, by which power and authority are
granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right;
as, letters patent under the seal of England.
{Letter-sheet envelope}, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
{Letters testamentary} (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
{Letter writer}.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
Drop \Drop\, n. [OE. drope, AS. dropa; akin to OS. dropo, D.
drop, OHG. tropo, G. tropfen, Icel. dropi, Sw. droppe; and
Fr. AS. dre['o]pan to drip, drop; akin to OS. driopan, D.
druipen, OHG. triofan, G. triefen, Icel. drj?pa. Cf. {Drip},
{Droop}.]
1. The quantity of fluid which falls in one small spherical
mass; a liquid globule; a minim; hence, also, the smallest
easily measured portion of a fluid; a small quantity; as,
a drop of water.
With minute drops from off the eaves. --Milton.
As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my
sad heart. -- Shak.
That drop of peace divine. --Keble.
2. That which resembles, or that which hangs like, a liquid
drop; as a hanging diamond ornament, an earring, a glass
pendant on a chandelier, a sugarplum (sometimes
medicated), or a kind of shot or slug.
3. (Arch.)
(a) Same as {Gutta}.
(b) Any small pendent ornament.
4. Whatever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an
elevated position; also, a contrivance for lowering
something; as:
(a) A door or platform opening downward; a trap door; that
part of the gallows on which a culprit stands when he
is to be hanged; hence, the gallows itself.
(b) A machine for lowering heavy weights, as packages,
coal wagons, etc., to a ship's deck.
(c) A contrivance for temporarily lowering a gas jet.
(d) A curtain which drops or falls in front of the stage
of a theater, etc.
(e) A drop press or drop hammer.
(f) (Mach.) The distance of the axis of a shaft below the
base of a hanger.
5. pl. Any medicine the dose of which is measured by drops;
as, lavender drops.
6. (Naut.) The depth of a square sail; -- generally applied
to the courses only. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
7. Act of dropping; sudden fall or descent.
{Ague drop}, {Black drop}. See under {Ague}, {Black}.
{Drop by drop}, in small successive quantities; in repeated
portions. ``Made to taste drop by drop more than the
bitterness of death.'' --Burke.
{Drop curtain}. See {Drop}, n., 4.
(d) .
{Drop forging}. (Mech.)
(a) A forging made in dies by a drop hammer.
(b) The process of making drop forgings.
{Drop hammer} (Mech.), a hammer for forging, striking up
metal, etc., the weight being raised by a strap or similar
device, and then released to drop on the metal resting on
an anvil or die.
{Drop kick} (Football), a kick given to the ball as it
rebounds after having been dropped from the hands.
{Drop lake}, a pigment obtained from Brazil wood. --Mollett.
{Drop letter}, a letter to be delivered from the same office
where posted.
{Drop press} (Mech.), a drop hammer; sometimes, a dead-stroke
hammer; -- also called drop.
{Drop scene}, a drop curtain on which a scene is painted. See
{Drop}, n., 4.
(d) .
{Drop seed}. (Bot.) See the List under {Glass}.
{Drop serene}. (Med.) See {Amaurosis}.