資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Organ \Or"gan\, n. [L. organum, Gr. ?; akin to ? work, and E.
   work: cf. F. organe. See {Work}, and cf. {Orgue}, {Orgy}.]
   1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is
      performed, or an important end accomplished; as,
      legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are
      organs of government.

   2. (Biol.) A natural part or structure in an animal or a
      plant, capable of performing some special action (termed
      its function), which is essential to the life or
      well-being of the whole; as, the heart, lungs, etc., are
      organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are
      organs of plants.

   Note: In animals the organs are generally made up of several
         tissues, one of which usually predominates, and
         determines the principal function of the organ. Groups
         of organs constitute a system. See {System}.

   3. A component part performing an essential office in the
      working of any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves,
      crank, etc., are organs of the steam engine.

   4. A medium of communication between one person or body and
      another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of
      communication between the government and a foreign power;
      a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party,
      sect, etc.

   5. [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.) A wind instrument
      containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds,
      which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon
      by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and
      sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the
      plural, each pipe being considired an organ.

            The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow. --Pope.

   Note: Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural.

               The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon
               [go].

   {Barrel organ}, {Choir organ}, {Great organ}, etc. See under
      {Barrel}, {Choir}, etc.

   {Cabinet organ} (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a
      chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ.

   {Organ bird} (Zo["o]l.), a Tasmanian crow shrike ({Gymnorhina
      organicum}). It utters discordant notes like those of a
      hand organ out of tune.

   {Organ fish} (Zo["o]l.), the drumfish.

   {Organ gun}. (Mil.) Same as {Orgue}
      (b) .

   {Organ harmonium} (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and
      power.

   {Organ of Gorti} (Anat.), a complicated structure in the
      cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the
      rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See
      Note under {Ear}.

   {Organ pipe}. See {Pipe}, n., 1.

   {Organ-pipe coral}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Tubipora}.

   {Organ point} (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or
      dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the
      other parts move.

Choir \Choir\, n. [OE. quer, OF. cuer, F. ch[oe]ur, fr. L.
   chorus a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. ?, orig.
   dancing place; prob. akin to ? inclosure, L. hortus garden,
   and E. yard. See {Chorus}.]
   1. A band or organized company of singers, especially in
      church service. [Formerly written also {quire}.]

   2. That part of a church appropriated to the singers.

   3. (Arch.) The chancel.

   {Choir organ} (Mus.), one of the three or five distinct
      organs included in the full organ, each separable from the
      rest, but all controlled by one performer; a portion of
      the full organ, complete in itself, and more practicable
      for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the vocal
      choir.

   {Choir screen}, {Choir wall} (Arch.), a screen or low wall
      separating the choir from the aisles.

   {Choir service}, the service of singing performed by the
      choir. --T. Warton.