資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Birch \Birch\ (b[~e]rch), n.; pl. {Birches} (-[e^]z). [OE.
   birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc; akin to Icel. bj["o]rk, Sw.
   bj["o]rk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha, MHG. birche,
   birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr.
   bh[=u]rja. [root]254. Cf. 1st {Birk}.]
   1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus
      {Betula}; as, the white or common birch ({B. alba}) (also
      called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch ({B.
      glandulosa}); the paper or canoe birch ({B. papyracea});
      the yellow birch ({B. lutea}); the black or cherry birch
      ({B. lenta}).

   2. The wood or timber of the birch.

   3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.

   Note: The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being
         tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in
         schools. They were also made into brooms.

               The threatening twigs of birch.    --Shak.

   4. A birch-bark canoe.

   {Birch of Jamaica}, a species ({Bursera gummifera}) of
      turpentine tree.

   {Birch partridge}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Ruffed grouse}.

   {Birch wine}, wine made of the spring sap of the birch.

   {Oil of birch}.
      (a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common European
          birch ({Betula alba}), and used in the preparation of
          genuine (and sometimes of the imitation) Russia
          leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor.
      (b) An oil prepared from the black birch ({B. lenta}),
          said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for
          which it is largely sold.

Mastic \Mas"tic\, n. [F., fr. L. mastiche, mastichum, Gr. ?, fr.
   ? to chew, because of its being used in the East for
   chewing.] [Written also {mastich}.]
   1. (Bot.) A low shrubby tree of the genus {Pistacia} ({P.
      Lentiscus}), growing upon the islands and coasts of the
      Mediterranean, and producing a valuable resin; -- called
      also, {mastic tree}.

   2. A resin exuding from the mastic tree, and obtained by
      incision. The best is in yellowish white, semitransparent
      tears, of a faint smell, and is used as an astringent and
      an aromatic, also as an ingredient in varnishes.

   3. A kind of cement composed of burnt clay, litharge, and
      linseed oil, used for plastering walls, etc.

   {Barbary mastic} (Bot.), the {Pistachia Atlantica}.

   {Peruvian mastic tree} (Bot.), a small tree ({Schinus Molle})
      with peppery red berries; -- called also {pepper tree}.

   {West Indian mastic} (Bot.), a lofty tree ({Bursera
      gummifera}) full of gum resin in every part.