資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Earth \Earth\, n. [AS. eor?e; akin to OS. ertha, OFries. irthe,
   D. aarde, OHG. erda, G. erde, Icel. j["o]r?, Sw. & Dan. jord,
   Goth. a[=i]rpa, OHG. ero, Gr. ?, adv., to earth, and perh. to
   E. ear to plow.]
   1. The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in
      distinction from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world
      as the dwelling place of mortals, in distinction from the
      dwelling place of spirits.

            That law preserves the earth a sphere And guides the
            planets in their course.              --S. Rogers.

            In heaven, or earth, or under earth, in hell.
                                                  --Milton.

   2. The solid materials which make up the globe, in
      distinction from the air or water; the dry land.

            God called the dry land earth.        --Gen. i. 10.

            He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of
            earth and water never appear in him.  --Shak.

   3. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface
      of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of
      all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like;
      sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the
      visible surface of the globe; the ground; as, loose earth;
      rich earth.

            Give him a little earth for charity.  --Shak.

   4. A part of this globe; a region; a country; land.

            Would I had never trod this English earth. --Shak.

   5. Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the
      pursuits, interests, and allurements of this life.

            Our weary souls by earth beguiled.    --Keble.

   6. The people on the globe.

            The whole earth was of one language.  --Gen. xi. 1.

   7. (Chem.)
      (a) Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina,
          glucina, zirconia, yttria, and thoria.
      (b) A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as
          lime, magnesia, strontia, baryta.

   8. A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; as,
      the earth of a fox. --Macaulay.

            They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their
            earths.                               --Holland.

   Note: Earth is used either adjectively or in combination to
         form compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple;
         earth metal or earth-metal; earth closet or
         earth-closet.

   {Adamic earth}, {Bitter earth}, {Bog earth}, {Chian earth},
      etc. See under {Adamic}, {Bitter}, etc.

   {Alkaline earths}. See under {Alkaline}.

   {Earth apple}. (Bot.)
      (a) A potato.
      (b) A cucumber.

   {Earth auger}, a form of auger for boring into the ground; --
      called also {earth borer}.

   {Earth bath}, a bath taken by immersing the naked body in
      earth for healing purposes.

   {Earth battery} (Physics), a voltaic battery the elements of
      which are buried in the earth to be acted on by its
      moisture.

   {Earth chestnut}, the pignut.

   {Earth closet}, a privy or commode provided with dry earth or
      a similar substance for covering and deodorizing the
      f[ae]cal discharges.

   {Earth dog} (Zo["o]l.), a dog that will dig in the earth, or
      enter holes of foxes, etc.

   {Earth hog}, {Earth pig} (Zo["o]l.), the aard-vark.

   {Earth hunger}, an intense desire to own land, or, in the
      case of nations, to extend their domain.

   {Earth light} (Astron.), the light reflected by the earth, as
      upon the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called
      also {earth shine}. --Sir J. Herschel.

   {Earth metal}. See 1st {Earth}, 7. (Chem.)

   {Earth oil}, petroleum.

   {Earth pillars} or {pyramids} (Geol.), high pillars or
      pyramids of earth, sometimes capped with a single stone,
      found in Switzerland. --Lyell.

   {Earth pitch} (Min.), mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum.

   {Earth quadrant}, a fourth of the earth's circumference.

   {Earth table} (Arch.), the lowest course of stones visible in
      a building; the ground table.

   {On earth}, an intensive expression, oftenest used in
      questions and exclamations; as, What on earth shall I do?
      Nothing on earth will satisfy him. [Colloq.]

Bitter \Bit"ter\, a. [AS. biter; akin to Goth. baitrs, Icel.
   bitr, Dan., Sw., D., & G. bitter, OS. bittar, fr. root of E.
   bite. See {Bite}, v. t.]
   1. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of
      wormwood or an infusion of hops; as, a bitter medicine;
      bitter as aloes.

   2. Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe;
      as, a bitter cold day.

   3. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind;
      calamitous; poignant.

            It is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast
            forsaken the Lord thy God.            --Jer. ii. 19.

   4. Characterized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh;
      stern; virulent; as, bitter reproach.

            Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against
            them.                                 --Col. iii.
                                                  19.

   5. Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable.

            The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with
            hard bondage.                         --Ex. i. 14.

   {Bitter apple}, {Bitter cucumber}, {Bitter gourd}. (Bot.) See
      {Colocynth}.

   {Bitter cress} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Cardamine}, esp.
      {C. amara}.

   {Bitter earth} (Min.), tale earth; calcined magnesia.

   {Bitter principles} (Chem.), a class of substances, extracted
      from vegetable products, having strong bitter taste but
      with no sharply defined chemical characteristics.

   {Bitter salt}, Epsom salts; magnesium sulphate.

   {Bitter vetch} (Bot.), a name given to two European
      leguminous herbs, {Vicia Orobus} and {Ervum Ervilia}.

   {To the bitter end}, to the last extremity, however
      calamitous.

   Syn: Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting; severe;
        acrimonious.