資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Railroad \Rail"road`\, Railway \Rail"way`\, n.
   1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of
      iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks
      for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a
      bed or substructure.

   Note: The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of
         the older tramway.

   2. The road, track, etc., with al the lands, buildings,
      rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and
      constituting one property; as, certain railroad has been
      put into the hands of a receiver.

   Note: Railway is the commoner word in England; railroad the
         commoner word in the United States.

   Note: In the following and similar phrases railroad and
         railway are used interchangeably:

   {Atmospheric railway}, {Elevated railway}, etc. See under
      {Atmospheric}, {Elevated}, etc.

   {Cable railway}. See {Cable road}, under {Cable}.

   {Perry railway}, a submerged track on which an elevated
      platform runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water
      course.

   {Gravity railway}, a railway, in a hilly country, on which
      the cars run by gravity down gentle slopes for long
      distances after having been hauled up steep inclines to an
      elevated point by stationary engines.

   {Railway brake}, a brake used in stopping railway cars or
      locomotives.

   {Railway car}, a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels
      fitted for running on a railway. [U.S.]

   {Railway carriage}, a railway passenger car. [Eng.]

   {Railway scale}, a platform scale bearing a track which forms
      part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars.
      

   {Railway slide}. See {Transfer table}, under {Transfer}.

   {Railway spine} (Med.), an abnormal condition due to severe
      concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad
      accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other
      disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain
      in the back, impairment of general health, and cerebral
      disturbance, -- the symptoms often not developing till
      some months after the injury.

   {Underground railroad} or {railway}.
      (a) A railroad or railway running through a tunnel, as
          beneath the streets of a city.
      (b) Formerly, a system of co["o]peration among certain
          active antislavery people in the United States, by
          which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach
          Canada.

   Note: [In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was
         used.] ``Their house was a principal entrep[^o]t of the
         underground railroad.'' --W. D. Howells.

Atmospheric \At`mos*pher"ic\, Atmospherical \At`mos*pher"ic*al\,
   a. [Cf. F. atmosph['e]rique.]
   1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or
      resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the
      atmospheric envelope of the earth.

   2. Existing in the atmosphere.

            The lower atmospheric current.        --Darwin.

   3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an
      atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine.

   4. Dependent on the atmosphere. [R.]

            In am so atmospherical a creature.    --Pope.

   {Atmospheric engine}, a steam engine whose piston descends by
      the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which
      raised it is condensed within the cylinder. --Tomlinson.

   {Atmospheric line} (Steam Engin.), the equilibrium line of an
      indicator card. Steam is expanded ``down to the
      atmosphere'' when its pressure is equal to that of the
      atmosphere. (See {Indicator card}.)

   {Atmospheric pressure}, the pressure exerted by the
      atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction.
      In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch.

   {Atmospheric railway}, one in which pneumatic power, obtained
      from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the
      propelling force.

   {Atmospheric tides}. See under {Tide}.