資料來源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium:
   cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.]
   1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human
      skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial
      heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers.

            Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier
            than life.                            --Shak.

   2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine.
      ``Artificial tears.'' --Shak.

   3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak.

   4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as,
      artificial grasses. --Gibbon.

   {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the
      speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the
      like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs.
      --Johnson.

   {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based
      on superficial characters, and not expressing the true
      natural relations species; as, ``the artificial system''
      in botany, which is the same as the Linn[ae]an system.

   {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}.

   {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds
      from the heavenly bodies.

   {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived
      as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which,
      by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable
      exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc.

   {Artificial numbers}, logarithms.

   {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}.

   {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms
      of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.

Classification \Clas`si*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. classification.]
   The act of forming into a class or classes; a distibution
   into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to
   some common relations or affinities.

   {Artificial classification}. (Science) See under
      {Artifitial}.